Army Group South (A), under the command of Wilhelm List, was to continue advancing south towards the Caucasus as planned with the 17th Army and First Panzer Army. The 62nd Army had been cut in two and, due to intensive air attack on its supply ferries, was receiving much less material support. About the author (2019) David M. Glantz and Jonathan M. House have collaborated on all five volumes of the Stalingrad Trilogy, as well as on the books When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler and The Battle of Kursk. Other losses included 42 Ju 86s, 9 Fw 200 Condors, 5 He 177 bombers and 1 Ju 290. According to Soviet intelligence documents shown in the documentary, a remarkable NKVD report from March 1943 is available showing the tenacity of some of these German groups: The mopping-up of counter-revolutionary elements in the city of Stalingrad proceeded. Number of pages: 368. Hailed as the single largest confrontation of the war, the battle involved nearly 2.2 million military personnel, with around 1.8-2 million were killed, wounded, or captured. [157] On 24 January, in his radio report to Hitler, Paulus reported: "18,000 wounded without the slightest aid of bandages and medicines. The Kampfwaffe (bomber force) was the hardest hit, having only 232 out of an original force of 480 left. [199] Soviet propaganda spared no effort and wasted no time in capitalising on the triumph, impressing a global audience. Hitler was furious and confided that Paulus "could have freed himself from all sorrow and ascended into eternity and national immortality, but he prefers to go to Moscow".[169]. The inscription on it reads: On May 4, 1985, a memorial wall-monument was unveiled on the end wall of the house from the side of Sovetskaya Street. The house, held by the garrison of Senior Lieutenant IF Afanasyev, is considered the first restored building in Stalingrad. The Gerhardt Mill ruins in Volgograd, Russia. The Stukas claimed 41 of the 106 Soviet tanks knocked out that morning, while escorting Bf 109s destroyed 77 Soviet aircraft. Soviet forces reached the entrance to the German headquarters in the ruined GUM department store. The situation was so critical that on the night of September 22-23, the commander-in-chief Major-General A.I. On 31 January, regular programmes on German state radio were replaced by a broadcast of the sombre Adagio movement from Anton Bruckner's Seventh Symphony, followed by the announcement of the defeat at Stalingrad. By mid-November, the Germans, at great cost, had pushed the Soviet defenders back into narrow zones along the west bank of the river. Newspapers visited positions, talked with commanders and political workers, among them Leonid Koren, agitator of 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment. The first was not completed before the war except for the foundation and the northern wing. Under his command were the twenty German and two Romanian divisions encircled at Stalingrad, Adam's battle groups formed along the Chir River and on the Don bridgehead, plus the remains of the Romanian 3rd Army. Soon, it was joked, the Berlin to Stalingrad express would be up and running. From the Soviet bridgehead at Mamon, 15 divisions supported by at least 100 tanks attacked the Italian Cosseria and Ravenna Divisions, and although outnumbered 9 to 1, the Italians initially fought well, with the Germans praising the quality of the Italian defenders,[146] but on 19 December, with the Italian lines disintegrating, ARMIR headquarters ordered the battered divisions to withdraw to new lines. [105], Fighting raged inside the Barrikady Factory until the end of October. The Milk House | Greenville IL - Facebook The next night, Junior Sergeant Ya.F. But the division, encircled and pressed to the Volga, stood its ground, holding several blocks in the city center. Battle of Stalingrad, (July 17, 1942-February 2, 1943), successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd), Russia, U.S.S.R., during World War II. It is well known that for 58 days the multiethnic garrison held the building in the city center, repulsing numerous attacks by the Germans. Operation Thunderclap being the code word initiating the breakout. The Germans set up a "mobile defence" of small units that were to hold towns until supporting armour arrived. In the area of the 9th January Square, the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Division defended The regiment commander, Colonel Yelin, instructed Captain Zhukov to carry out an operation to seize two important residential buildings. Army Group South (B), including Friedrich Paulus's 6th Army and Hermann Hoth's 4th Panzer Army, was to move east towards the Volga and Stalingrad. This second plan was given the name Operation Thunderclap. [144] So heavy were the Luftwaffe's losses that four of Luftflotte 4's transport units (KGrzbV 700, KGrzbV 900, I./KGrzbV 1 and II./KGzbV 1) were "formally dissolved".[55]. Some, including Paulus, signed anti-Hitler statements that were broadcast to German troops. Above you can see the destroyed warehouse of the butter-milling plant. [182] On 18 February, Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels gave the famous Sportpalast speech in Berlin, encouraging the Germans to accept a total war that would claim all resources and efforts from the entire population. [1] [2]. In this area, the position of the Wehrmacht's 295th Infantry Division came close to a steep cliff, under which only a narrow strip of the shore linked Rodimtsev's division to the rest of the 62nd Army. This damage can still be seen today. Several rooms were covered with fire, a machine gun and 37-mm cannon were destroyed, and the advanced group engaged in a fire fight. Video filmed cameraman VI. Very soon these circumstances would prove deadly. [20][21][22] The Battle of Stalingrad was the deadliest battle to take place during the Second World War. [101], After 27 September, much of the fighting in the city shifted north to the industrial district. In battle, the commander and commissar of the 2nd Battalion were killed. The Germans had no usable tanks in the city, and those that still functioned could, at best, be used as makeshift pillboxes. A couple of days later, the agitator of the regiment, the senior political instructor, L.P Koren' will write a small note to the Political Department of the 62nd Army about a rather ordinary episode of that day, and the story will begin to wait for its hour. By 06:00, putting together the collected reserves, parts of the 13th Guards Rifle Division counterattacked. Marshal V. Chuikov said in his memoirs: This small group, defending one house, destroyed the enemy soldiers more than the Nazis lost in the capture of Paris. It was only of importance as a convenient place, in the bottleneck between Don and the Volga, where we could block an attack on our flank by Russian forces coming from the east. In keeping with Stalin's Order No. Manpower in the city was constantly refreshed by bringing additional troops over the Volga. During the preparations for the attack, Marshal Zhukov personally visited the front and noticing the poor organisation, insisted on a one-week delay in the start date of the planned attack. Stalingrad is a 1993 German anti-war film directed by Joseph Vilsmaier. [76] The soldiers found about ten Soviet civilians hiding in the basement. Taking this advice to heart, Pavlov ordered the building to be surrounded with four layers of barbed wire and minefields, and set up machine-gun posts in every available window facing the square. [182] Stalingrad marked the first time that the Nazi government publicly acknowledged a failure in its war effort. Soviet offensives in the central and northern portions of the Eastern Front tied down Luftwaffe reserves and newly built aircraft, reducing Luftflotte 4's percentage of Eastern Front aircraft from 60 percent on 28 June to 38 percent by 20 September. Not all of the 6th Army was trapped: 50,000 soldiers were brushed aside outside the pocket. [3], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Germans lost more men attacking Pavlov's house at Stalingrad, than they did during their entire push on Paris", "Unknown Stalingrad: Pavlov's House, Anatomy of a Legend", "EVROPESKIE KULTURNYE TsENNOSTI POD OKKUPATsIE", "Ushel iz zhizni posledni zashchitnik doma Pavlova v Stalingrade Kamolzhon Turgunov", Pavlov's House - Stalingrad, September-November 1942 (Poem), Map of Pavlov's House and the defenders of the house, Pavlov's House Myth and Reality: a new documentary by StalData, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pavlov%27s_House&oldid=1149360912, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 19:04. Here lay more more [sic?] Some of the taller buildings, blasted into roofless shells by earlier German aerial bombardment, saw floor-by-floor, close-quarters combat, with the Germans and Soviets on alternate levels, firing at each other through holes in the floors. (1990). One of a series of famous Stalingrad photographs of G. Zelma. The Germans lost 900 aircraft (including 274 transports and 165 bombers used as transports), 500 tanks and 6,000 artillery pieces. On 19 November 1942, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus. Germany's Sixth Army had ceased to exist, and the forces of Germany's European allies, except Finland, had been shattered. On the eve of that day the 295th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht received replenishment and the task to finally get to the Volga on its site. The assault team had to withdraw, during which the company commander was killed and the battalion commander wounded. Stopping the retreating and demoralized fighters of the 3rd battalion, he led a counterattack on the Germans who had broken through to the headquarters of the division. Targets were often soldiers bringing up food or water to forward positions. Lieutenant Alexander Stroganov was recommended for the Order of Lenin, but the command of the 62nd Army lowered the award to the medal "For Courage". In the region of location of the 38th Motorised Rifle Brigade in a basement eighteen armed SS-men [sic] were found, who refused to surrender, the Germans found were destroyed.[186]. There was nothing we could do for them.[187]. Yeryomenko and Commissar Nikita Khrushchev were tasked with planning the defence of Stalingrad. He got the task from the mouth of the Dolgy ravine to drive out the Germans from the position of the 34th Guards Rifle Regiment. F. Pavlov was the commander of the assault group that seized the building, and the defense was led by senior lieutenant IF Afanasyev. 114,000 Italians and 105,000 Hungarians were killed, wounded or captured (from December 1942 to February 1943). [167] Four Soviet armies were deployed against the northern pocket. Army Group B was in disarray and faced strong Soviet pressure across all its fronts. As General Chuikov acknowledged, "Remembering the defence of Stalingrad, I can't overlook the very important question about the role of women in war, in the rear, but also at the front. The Soviet front's composition and names changed several times in the battle. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Out of the nearly 91,000 German prisoners captured in Stalingrad, only about 5,000 returned. Opposite the complex, separated by the wide Republican Street and scorched wooden blocks, two German strongholds stood out: a four-story school No. In October, two attempts to capture the "Railwaymen's House" ended in failure. The man was probably already dying. The exhausted opponents dug themselves deeper into the ground. While the employees of GlavPU RKKA worked on the ideological front, Rodimtsev's division went on as usual. Tasked with holding the city at all costs,[49] Chuikov proclaimed, "We will defend the city or die in the attempt. The Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division, assigned to counterattack at the Mamayev Kurgan and at Railway Station No. The garrison was disbanded on the night of November 24 with troops returning to their original units. Paulus himself also doubted the feasibility of such a breakout. Choice Reviews Online, 27(05), pp.27-2848-27-2848. Most died of wounds, disease (particularly typhus), cold, overwork, mistreatment and malnutrition. [130][131] After 1945, Manstein claimed that he told Hitler that the 6th Army must break out. The diagram also notes the 685th Infantry Regiment attached to Rodimtsev. [28]:528 The expansion of objectives was a significant factor in Germany's failure at Stalingrad, caused by German overconfidence and an underestimation of Soviet reserves. One person, though, Roman Karmen, managed to record the first interrogation of Paulus that took place the same day, at Shumilov's 64th Army's HQ, and a few hours later at Rokossovsky's Don Front HQ. Memory, Images from the Battle of Stalingrad (Getty), The photo album of Wehrmacht NCO named Nemela of 9. Brown University historian Omer Bartov claims they were motivated by belief in Hitler and National Socialism. Shooting the Red Army men caught unawares, the Germans seized one trench after another, moving quickly forward. [190] General Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach offered to raise an anti-Hitler army from the Stalingrad survivors, but the Soviets did not accept the offer. The layout of the locations mentioned in the article, in a German aerial photograph taken in March 1943: 1 - State Bank; 2 - ruins of the brewery; 3 - the NKVD complex; 4 - school number 6; 5 - the military exchange; 6 - "Zabolotny's House"; 7 - "Pavlov's House"; 8 - the mill; 9 - the "Milky House"; 10 - the "Railwaymen's House"; 11 - the "L-shaped house"; 12 - school number 38; 13 - the oil tanks (German strongpoint); 14 - the buttermaking plant; 15 - a factory warehouse. [197], Regardless of the strategic implications, there is little doubt about Stalingrad's symbolism. [108] The VVS remained qualitatively inferior, but by the time of the Soviet counter-offensive, the VVS had reached numerical superiority. Arte documentary. The 369th (Croatian) Reinforced Infantry Regiment was the only non-German unit[57] selected by the Wehrmacht to enter Stalingrad city during assault operations. Hait and private I. T. Svirin. The attempt to break through to Stalingrad was abandoned and Army Group A was ordered to pull back from the Caucasus. The Battle of Stalingrad (German: Schlacht von Stalingrad [laxt fn talngat];[16] Russian: , tr. Daily sorties decreased from 1,343 per day to 975 per day. Based on the information of the expert Richthofen, he declared that contrary to the example of the pocket of Demyansk the permanent supply by air would be impossible. World War II History: Pavlov's House in StalingradThey Shall Not Pass In the reports of the regiment on irretrievable losses it was noted: on October 1, 77 men were missing and 130 Red Army men died, for October 2 - 18 more and 83 people, respectively. [citation needed], A significant historical debate concerns the degree of terror in the Red Army. "[139] The Luftwaffe was able to deliver an average of 85 tonnes of supplies per day out of an air transport capacity of 106 tonnes per day. The 685th Regiment of the 193rd Infantry Division was transferred to Rodimstev, and the bloodied 34th Guards Regiment of Lieutenant Colonel D.I. Rodimtsev's 13th Guards Rifle Division had been hurried up to cross the river and join the defenders inside the city. One of the mortar companies was commanded by Lieutenant G.E. [114], The Royal Romanian Air Force was also involved in the Axis air operations at Stalingrad. British war correspondent Alexander Werth described the following scene in his Russia at War book, based on a first-hand account of his visit to Stalingrad on 35 February 1943, We[] went into the yard of the large burnt out building of the Red Army House; and here one realised particularly clearly what the last days of Stalingrad had been to so many of the Germans. [2], The position was quickly fortified under the command of Lieutenant Ivan F. Afanasiev, who ordered the men to lay landmines in all approaches to the square, barbed wire around the perimeter of the apartment block, and to position multiple machine guns in the windows as well as a PTRS anti tank rifle. The actions resulted in more than 200,000 Soviet Army casualties but did slow the German assault. Initially, supply flights came in from the field at Tatsinskaya,[142] called 'Tazi' by the German pilots. The traffic jam is thought to have delayed the advance by at least one week. In the area of the 9th January Square, the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Division defended It so happened that the sergeant lost his last sniper duel. Though initially successful, the German attacks stalled in the face of Soviet reinforcements brought in from across the Volga. The picture was taken in a trench coming out of the unfinished southern wing of the Railwaymen's House - behind the fighter there is Pavlovs House. [202] The statue forms part of a war memorial complex which includes the ruins of the Grain Silo and Pavlov's House. [72][73][74][75] The Germans pushing forward into Stalingrad suffered heavy casualties. An estimated 750,000 Soviets died defending the city . [59], The losses of transport planes were especially serious, as they destroyed the capacity for supply of the trapped 6th Army. These losses amounted to about 50 percent of the aircraft committed and the Luftwaffe training program was stopped and sorties in other theatres of war were significantly reduced to save fuel for use at Stalingrad. [195] In a speech on 9 November 1944, Hitler himself blamed Stalingrad for Germany's impending doom.[196]. These raids caused little damage and were of nuisance value only. [12], The last member of Pavlov's group, Kamoljon Turgunov from Turakurgan District, Namangan Region, Uzbekistan died on 16 March 2015, aged 93. In the basements of the house were civilians and with them the medical instructor of the 3rd battalion of the same regiment, the Red Army soldier S.S.Kalinin, whom Pavlov sent with a report to the regiment headquarters). But this city plan was in many ways provisional: for example, it did not indicate sturdy multi-storey high rises which played a decisive role in street fighting. it turned out, but it was a difficult task to get into the house, since all approaches to it were tightly shot by the Germans) and entrenched in it. [137][Note 5] To supplement the limited number of Junkers Ju 52 transports, the Germans pressed other aircraft into the role, such as the Heinkel He 177 bomber. The 4th Panzer Army, ordered south on 13 July to block the Soviet retreat "weakened by the 17th Army and the 1st Panzer Army", had turned northwards to help take the city from the south.[47]. The REAL Story of Pavlov's House at Stalingrad - YouTube By right this became Junior Sergeant Pavlov. The story told by the political instructor about the capture at the end of September of a four-story building on the January 9 Square was a real find for the GlavPU RKKA. The northern cauldron consisted of the XIth Corps, the central with the VIIIth and LIst Corps, and the southern with the XIVth Panzer Corps and IVth Corps "without units". The left flank of Rodimtsev's division rested on the Volga, where the high-rise buildings of the State Bank and the House of Specialists stood on a high cliff. Left Guard Sergeant Yakov Fedorovich Pavlov, right Guard Senior Lieutenant Ivan Filippovich Afanasyev. [30][31][32], On 23 July 1942, Hitler personally rewrote the operational objectives for the 1942 campaign, greatly expanding them to include the occupation of the city of Stalingrad. [128], The Red Army units immediately formed two defensive fronts: a circumvallation facing inward and a contravallation facing outward. In that basement[] there were still two hundred Germansdying of hunger and frostbite. [13], After the war Pavlov communicated little with his ex-comrades, with many of them bewildered by his fame and in disagreement with the story that had been built around Pavlov. In total there were more than 50 people in the building, so common everyday rules and a commandant were required. Some bombers performed adequately the Heinkel He 111 proved to be quite capable and was much faster than the Ju 52.[138]. Behind the front lines, no preparations had been made to defend key points in the rear such as Kalach. After the failed offensive on the night of October 1, the Germans did not undertake such large-scale military operations on the front of the 13th Guards Rifle Division again, limiting themselves to local attacks. After the artillery preparation, 18 fighters of the assault group rushed to the huge ruins, but were met by flanking machine gun fire, and then the approaches to the house were fired on by mortars from the rear of the German defense. The Hungarian 2nd Army was given the task of defending a 200km (120mi) section of the front north of Stalingrad between the Italian Army and Voronezh. [121] The operation was code-named "Uranus" and launched in conjunction with Operation Mars, which was directed at Army Group Center about 1,000 kilometres (620mi) to the northwest. The Stalingrad Tractor Factory continued to turn out T-34 tanks up until German troops burst into the plant. [5][4] After several days, reinforcements and resupply arrived for Pavlov's men, bringing the unit up to a 25-man understrength platoon and equipping the defenders with machine guns, anti-tank rifles, and mortars. This would include the subsequent breakout of Sixth Army, in the event of a successful first phase, and its physical reincorporation in Army Group Don. It uncovers the fact that much of the details of Pavlov's House written in the official histories are made up. It needs to be added that the commander-in-chief Lieutenant-General V.I. Chernogolov, - and after waiting for darkness, he began to perform the task. The Lighthouse of Stalingrad by Iain MacGregor | Waterstones Beyond that army, a single German division, the 16th Motorised Infantry, covered 400km. The garrison was subordinate to the commander of the 7th rifle company of the 42nd Guards rifle regiment, senior lieutenant II Naumov, whose command post was at the main position of the company, but he often visited the Pavlov House and repeatedly participated in repelling attacks along with his defenders. The Germans used aircraft, tanks and heavy artillery to clear the city with varying degrees of success. David Glantz indicated[52] that four hard-fought battles collectively known as the Kotluban Operations north of Stalingrad, where the Soviets made their greatest stand, decided Germany's fate before the Nazis ever set foot in the city itself, and were a turning point in the war. He telegraphed the 6th Army later that day, claiming that it had made a historic contribution to the greatest struggle in German history and that it should stand fast "to the last soldier and the last bullet". 227 ("Not a step back!") Seize and hold the Red House and House 81 with no more than 50% casualties on any ME. Historical Accuracy at Stalingrad :: Hell Let Loose General Discussions At a minimum, 500 tons were required. The Battle of Stalingrad, with its five months of fierce fighting, began exactly 80 years ago, on Aug. 23, 1942. On the third day, reinforcements arrived at the house under the command of Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev (17 fighters, another Red Army soldier was wounded on the way and returned to the regiments positions), delivering a heavy machine gun and 3 anti-tank rifles with ammunition, and the house became an important stronghold in the regiments defense system and all 13 Guards. "They'll be taken away tomorrow, I suppose." In the early parts of the operation, fuel was shipped at a higher priority than food and ammunition because of a belief that there would be a breakout from the city. In this first photo from the "killed" series, the fighter in the lower right corner is still "alive". The operative report of the Don Front's staff issued on 5 February 1943, 22:00 said, The 64th Army was putting itself in order, being in previously occupied regions. What happened next is known only from the words of Yakov Pavlov himself.
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