29 0 obj /Rotate 0 Inadvertently, most people rely on traditional healers because their herbal treatments are easily accessible, readily available, and practically affordable. Children are advised on many aspects of social norms and moral conduct, including education on acceptable behavior, and collective responsibility in conformity with community life. The most notable features are the chieftaincy, village headship, tribal clanship, extended family systems, initiation rites, totems and rituals, ancestral worship, religious cults, witchcraft, and social and traditional ceremonies [8]. 30 0 obj << /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] This yields the notion of totems and rituals, ancestral religion and customs, and special shrines which serve as places of intimate personal memory and repositories of traditional knowledge, although ritual practices are much more diverse and fluid. This view is supported by Ampim [7], who states that, an elder is someone who is given the highest status in African culture, because she has lived a life of purpose, and there is nothing more respected than living a purposeful life [] she is a living model for the other groups in the society to emulate (p.2). The performance of rituals revolves around a deeper understanding, or involves an appreciable level of indigenous knowledge, social skills, and competences. Those who live in rural areas simply Some uninsured clients can afford to receive care because of the lower costs. From an African perspective, the origin of the universe, and of their ancestors as a people, is a mystery the reality of which was revealed at its genesis, through spirit mediums. /Parent 1 0 R For individual problems, many people find an acceptable answer in either witchcraft, or supernatural influence, or both. /Rotate 0 They have an obligation to inform, guide, and advise their patients on the many aspects that surround the herbal treatment, observance of rituals related to the herbal remedies, and sexual prohibitions related to traditional taboos and customs. >> The zone is a second tier in the administration hierarchy, just below the Chiefs council. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] WebWorking together with a counselor, healer, or helper from an unknown culture can vastly improve a counselors ability to be effective and the probability of success in implementing appropriate interventions. Professional counselor means a person who practices counseling as defined in 54.1-3500.. Counseling means one or more consultations as There is direct observation of what people do, and how they behave, and quite often, direct action is taken to deal with social deviance through scorn, censure or exclusion, or in extreme cases, court action. The Commute and Scheduling Can Be a Hassle. How Long Does It Take for Zoloft to Work? Each person must be invested in themselves for cognitive behavioral therapy to work. << Zoloft and Weight Gain: All You Need to Know, How Long Does It Take for Lexapro to Work. /Resources 43 0 R /Resources 90 0 R /OPM 1 WebTraditional counselling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to /Rotate 0 The primary aim of counseling is to help people with concerns to reflect on their changed situation, identify possible solutions, and develop action plans to resolve those presenting problems, so that they can continue living resourcefully for personal development and satisfaction. Most counseling theories have tended to focus on the individual, giving minimal attention to contextual issues and sociocultural values, customs and practices. << Values and beliefs are an important component of peoples lives as they are used to interpret, judge, and evaluate, external situations or events [15]. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Contents 97 0 R >> In rural communities of most African countries, people live in relatively small villages. << /Rotate 0 It not only supplies accounts of the peoples origin, but also relates past precedents to current traditional beliefs, actions, and behaviors, which are conveyed to successive generations in perpetuity. /Type /Page /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Type /Page Online therapy networks have matching algorithms and specialists who take a few minutes to pair you with a therapist who fits your search queries. The multicultural counselor competencies involve the continual development of attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and skills, related to the awareness of ones own assumptions, values, and biases, understanding the worldview of the culturally different client, and the application of culturally appropriate interventions, strategies and techniques [26]. For the girls, initiation is puberty-occasioned, ceremonial, celebratory, and the announcement of a girls having become natures vehicle of life, whereas for the boys, initiation is an intervention enacted, if not against, then in juxtaposition to, originating associations with the natural sphere [5]. endobj Traditional systems of knowledge deemed essential for each generation are passed on successively to the next generation by elderly people who do not only have the necessary wisdom and experience, but are also adorned with social competences and skills. << For instance, most Africans, in both rural and urban communities, especially relatively poor people who cannot afford the cost of modern medicine and transport costs to sparsely located health facilities, generally use traditional healers for their primary health care needs. are the benefits of Counselling In rural communities, large land areas are divided into chiefdoms under the command of Chiefs. Traditional counseling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to physical illness, psychosomatic dysfunction, or cardiac failure, injury, or accident. It is anchored on some fundamental assumptions which are core to its theory, research and practice. /Pages 1 0 R The advantages are: i) Affordability - it is way cheaper compared to traditional therapists visits which on average cost $60 per hour. Forms of traditional counseling refer to the various methods or approaches used by traditional counselors during the process of their interaction with clients in a culturally acceptable environment, using appropriate interventions that are tailored to meet their needs, expectations, and aspirations. Witchcraft is closely linked to magic and sorcery, and sorcery is a form of destructive magic. The proponents of multicultural theory have advanced varying assumptions to complement the identified gaps, three of which are illustrated herein as advanced by Laungani, Repetto, and Sue and colleagues. >> These values are instrumental in shaping peoples beliefs and attitudes. The history of witchcraft, spirit possession, and experiences of extrasensory perception, is old and deep-rooted, and part of the African culture [18]. Equally, it is limiting to conceptualize rituals in the context of genealogical continuity only. /Type /Page 13 0 obj >> Religious history reveals that human beings have defined their existence in consort with, or relation to, some supernatural, omniscient and omnipotent beings in the celestial realms. Try Online Counseling: Get Personally Matched. Witch-hunts have proliferated, despite the increasing importance of Christian churches and the peoples communion and association through various religious denominations at the national level. Depression test >> The current practice focuses on seclusion for shorter periods, as opposed to the olden practice which favors longer periods. /Resources 88 0 R Before starting a counselling Multiculturalism recognizes the interplay of the cultural influence between the counselor and client and how those influences determine or affect the counseling process outcomes. << stream /Contents 118 0 R Spiritual forces associated with places of power are defined differently from the spirits appealed to at land shrines which are reputed to have a link to the community stemming from their past experience as a people. In dealing with an individual client, or group of clients, the traditional counselor involves the family or community during the traditional counseling process. When therapists practice psychotherapy in an office, there is inevitably some downtime. Tradition and culture are indigenous entities, they are dynamic, and in constant flux. endobj endobj >> The word spirituality is sometimes used interchangeably with faith or religion. It bears a symbolic value and importance. A recent study, risk of supervisors or co-workers judging or not understanding, How Therapy Subtly Reveals Whether You Have an Eating Disorder, Free Online Therapy: Understanding Therapy vs. Free Counseling, Celebrate Every Step of Therapy: Learn About Why & How. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Psychiatry Because all sessions are conducted /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Type /Font With the incre uhasing threat Traditional authority: 1. The totemic character is inherent, and a symbolic figure to all the individuals of a given clan. Commuting to an office during business hours can be difficult. 2. Theoretical framework of traditional counseling. Its an issue of preference as well. >> Each community comprises people of different ethnic backgrounds, languages, religions, customs, and traditions. << The theoretical framework of traditional counseling represents a newer worldview that may influence counseling styles applied by counselors, psychotherapists and psychologists of divergent training and educational backgrounds. Based on this understanding, it is manifest that rituals are part of the cultural life of people, and ritual performance is a normal traditional custom and practice in most human societies worldwide. This is the out-of-pocket cost, the cost insurance doesnt cover. The collective wisdom of Africans is that elderly people are generally regarded as a valuable resource in the community. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? Traditional counseling involves a broad perspective that enhances learning for transformation and integration of sociocultural values that are peculiar to each human society. << Alexa skill, Blog It doesnt allow individuals to identify >> Multiculturalism recognizes the multiplicity of subcultures which differentiate, for instance, one tribal grouping or clan from another, and one society from another. /Parent 1 0 R In more rural communities of Africa, the rituals may include tying of strings and wearing a talisman, especially prepared with herbal concoctions, around the childs arm, neck, waist or leg. << Spirituality is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things that unite people into one single moral community, called a church. /Parent 1 0 R endobj The problem is she cant take new clients at the moment. Call +1 (800) 273-8255 or usethese resourcesto get immediate help. /Parent 1 0 R They are an avenue for sharing information on traditional knowledge, customs, and practices that are acknowledged as essential and worthy perpetuation for the common good of the society. The primary function of rituals of socialization and transformation is consistent with the structural functionalist paradigm [21]. /Rotate 0 Ensures Confidentiality. Group Therapy for Mental Health Treatment << In many instances, orphaned children have to be supported and cared for by extended family members or grandparents. << /Contents 101 0 R /Kids [ 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R ] Advantages and Disadvantages of Guidance and Counselling /SM 0.02000 10 0 obj Online therapy offers access to mental health treatment to people in rural or remote areas. These avenues are important, not only for sustainable social integration and the perpetuation of cultural identity, for the common good of the society and individual wellbeing, but also for the practice of traditional forms of counseling, at the various levels of contact. 21 0 obj endobj Careers It includes much more than belonging to a categorical group, and encompasses a societys shared values and beliefs such as individualism, collectivism, herbalism, ritualism, equality, freedom, peace, historical background, and evolution [13], as well as the arts and other intellectual achievements, customs, and civilization of a particular time or people [4]. /Contents 95 0 R >> /Parent 1 0 R The interplay is between one person and the other, usually arising from envy, jealousy, and resentment, and is motivated by the desire for inheritance, revenge, malice, or appropriation of magical power, or for economic gain, enrichment, and prosperity. When viewed from the perspective that indigenous knowledge has cultural implications and that all counseling is influenced by the cultural context, it is safe to conclude that traditional counseling approaches are rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices; they are essentially community-based and multicultural in nature; and they are routinely offered within a culturally acceptable environment by the local people [28]. The prescribed order of performance is not only limited to religious service, but also encompasses other sociocultural actions and rites, including those performed by traditional leaders and traditional healers. Ethnic affiliations are perceived as an important aspect of individual and group identity formulations, whereby disadvantaged or underprivileged groups are deemed disempowered politically, rendered poor economically, and disenfranchised socially. Inadvertently, any form of counseling is multicultural in nature, essentially because of the sociocultural plurality and diversity of the people involved in the counseling interactions. These broad and inclusive descriptions of culture suggest that there are variable factors which define a peoples culture, which are learned, assimilated, and integrated, over time. Its much easier to gain skills and keep them updated. >> endobj Understanding the sociocultural context of a clients behavior and belief system is an essential psychological ingredient for the accurate assessment, amelioration, and management of problem situations presented by clients. /Type /Page /Contents 87 0 R /Contents 122 0 R << >> It is from this understanding that the belief in magic and fear of witchcraft has actually evolved, and it is a potent force pervading and influencing all spheres of human endeavor in African culture and society. It involves covert actions by people to cause misfortune. /Rotate 0 This is the locus of the collective belief system: people believe in both the seemingly good and bad things that affect their social behavior, communication patterns, interactions, and interpersonal relationships with others, and their environment. Press WebCounselling Therapeutic Approaches; Advantages and Disadvantages. 10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Individual Counselling? endobj 22 0 obj Unlimited messaging therapy Like in the past, it takes place within the kinship system, family and community. Situations that sometimes break the family apart, but Family counselling us a feasible option that can help build it back up again. Traditional Counselling << /FontWeight 325 Here are four advantages of online therapy that Quintin says you just cant beat: 1) Greater selection of therapists. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. The basic assumption about ritualism is that it can be interpreted in many different ways and has variable functions. Online therapy is not trying to replace traditional therapy, but it is a better fit for millions of people. Most people have different views on what counseling is, and the context of its application, hence the multiplicity of theoretical models. stream /Type /Page h$K0O1kF-T|J TxR6FA9 5sS}/KZ;ej9\+eXv32]sN%+ tR This is crucial for clients who need frequent care. If youre serious about being a great online therapist, you can take courses, train with online therapy networks and earn credentials such as the Distance Credentialed Counselor [DCC]. /op false Traditional counseling has always been part of the fabric of all human cultures and societies, present in the very midst of peoples and communities worldwide, from time immemorial. You get a wider range of perspectives on your situation, and that can help you deal with your problems better. Groups can propel you forward. endobj It is in the context of this understanding that it becomes imperative to promote and strengthen indigenous approaches of traditional counseling that are responsive to the social life and expectations of the local people. >> Online counseling Join our clinician network Oral history as a source and method has been central to the development of African historiography, and no element has served as a clearer signature of, and for, the traditional oral source, within the programs of recovering the African past [2]. Apparently, no particular worldview is right or wrong, good or bad, or superior to the other. Besides, they are intended to promote indigenous ways of knowing and doing things, as part of the African cultural heritage, expressed through ceremonies and other interpretive messages. Ritual ceremonies are an embodiment of the African cultural life, and a symbol of traditional values, beliefs, customs, and practices. Most people globally practice some forms of traditional counseling, based on their sociocultural context, and the nature of presenting problems. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] The institution of marriage is an important cultural heritage in most African countries. They can work to earn income and live independently, although it is not uncommon for a new couple to stay with the parents in arranged marriages, especially in the rural communities. Counselors who start their own practices may find the disadvantages seem overwhelming until they become better established and produce more billable hours.
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