A) Target detection is faster in the cued location through the use of automatic processing. They eschew accountability for the impact of their inventions on society and have not developed any of the principles or practices that can deal with the complex issues. A new system emerged and I believe we have the motivation and capability to do it again. The excuse that the scale of posts on social media platforms makes human intervention impossible will not be a defense. Recorded: September 2015, How to be a Ninja Warrior Filter Fighter! Anonymous professor, An institute director and university professor said, The internet is the 21st centurys threat of a nuclear winter, and theres no equivalent international framework for nonproliferation or disarmament. Relying on algorithms and automated measures will result in various unwanted consequences. This report concentrates on these follow-up responses. C) It assumes unattended information is completely filtered out, with no further processing. A. Filters sort information in alphabetical order. Answer: C The respondents who supported this view noted that peoples actions from consciously malevolent and power-seeking behaviors to seemingly more benign acts undertaken for comfort or convenience will work to undermine a healthy information environment. They hope this will simultaneously enable the screening of content while still protecting rights such as free speech. I agree. New information platforms feed the ancient instinct people have to find information that syncs with their perspectives: A 2016 study that analyzed 376 million Facebook users interactions with over 900 news outlets found that people tend to seek information that aligns with their views. A) Reaction time Sally did not consider her. O Sorting can be applied to rows but not columns. And can most people agree to trust anything as common knowledge? Technology is reducing opportunities for such interactions and disrupting human discourse, while giving the feeling that we are communicating more than ever.. The information environment will NOT improve In the next 10 years, on balance, the information environment will NOT BE improved by changes designed to reduce the spread of lies and other misinformation online. D. Only one filter can be applied at a time. Algorithmic solutions to replacing human judgment are subject to hidden bias and will ultimately fail to accomplish this goal. In a spatial cueing paradigm, the target appears shortly after the cue, and equally often in both cued and uncued locations at random on the left and right sides. The difference between the top choice and the bottom one is troubling. A leading internet pioneer who has worked with the FCC, the UNs International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the General Electric Co. (GE) and other major technology organizations commented, The internet-as-weapon paradigm has emerged., Dean Willis, consultant for Softarmor Systems, commented, Governments and political groups have now discovered the power of targeted misinformation coupled to personalized understanding of the targets. They will keep unfriending those who dont, and passing on rumors and fake news that agrees with their point of view. Those players will be a key driver in the worsening of the information environment in the coming years and/or the lack of any serious attempts to effectively mitigate the problem. An information filtering system is a system that removes redundant or unwanted information from an information stream using (semi)automated or computerized methods prior to presentation to a human user. The use of Internet filters to block constitutionally protected speech, including content on social networking and gaming sites, compromises First Amendment freedoms and the core values of librarianship. Yes, of course. We need to replace ignorance and frustration with better life opportunities that restore confidence a tall order and a tough agenda. Which of the following would not be an example of external communication Question options: Sales office memo Memo Request for Proposal Press release, Which is not a benefit of effective communications? Content filters are unreliable because computer code and algorithms are still unable to adequately interpret, assess, and categorize the complexities of human communication, whether expressed in text or in image. They noted their faith was grounded in history, arguing that humans have always found ways to innovate to overcome problems. For every fact there is a counterfact and all these counterfacts and facts look identical online, which is confusing to most people.. That, in turn, requires a source of money to pay such professional journalists. Among the technological solutions for cleaning up the information environment are those that work to clearly identify entities operating online and employ algorithms to detect misinformation. Fencing Out Knowledge:Impacts of the Children's Internet Protection Act 10 Years Later (2014) By Deborah Caldwell Stone published in American Libraries, Minors' First Amendment Rights: CIPA and School Libraries (2010) National Conference of State Legislatures (updated periodically), (Note: The American Library Association does not endorse or recommend any internet filtering software. Martin is the financial director of the small business. What kind of communication error did Sally make? Most of the respondents who gave hopeful answers about the future of truth online said they believe technology will be implemented to improve the information environment. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Many of those who expect the information environment to improve anticipate that information literacy training and other forms of assistance will help people become more sophisticated consumers. Content filtering is used by corporations as part of Internet firewall computers and also by home . They are like biomedical or nuclear technology firms absent any ethics rules or ethics training or philosophy. Last change saved 4 minutes ago. We use what we know of statistics and probability to compartment uncertainty. Those who pursue more-accurate information and rely on better-informed sources will separate from those who are not selective enough or who do not invest either the time or the money in doing so. Which of the following statements about visual search tasks is most correct? Which of the following scenarios would be most likely to occur if participants are tested with the dichotic listening task? We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Blockchain technology may be an option, but every technological system needs to be built on trust, and as long as there is no globally governed trust system that is open and transparent, there will be no reliable verification systems.. They note that the publics move away from more-traditional mainstream news outlets, which had some ethical standards, to consumption of social newsfeeds has weakened mainstream media organizations, making them lower-budget operations that have been forced to compete for attention by offering up clickbait headlines of their own. He recently read a memo from one, department presenting a new idea for a product. But governments, users and society are being too quick to turn all of the responsibility over to internet platforms. If you are looking to find a blue circle, in which of the following sets would you have the fastest reaction time? He wrote, Machine learning and sophisticated statistical techniques will be used to accurately simulate real information content and make fake information almost indistinguishable from the real thing., Jason Hong, associate professor at the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, said, Some fake information will be detectable and blockable, but the vast majority wont. Jack. Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense, The Effectiveness of Internet Content Filters, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries, Filtering Software: The Religious Connection, Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. "The ACLU believes in an uncensored Internet, a vast free-speech zone deserving at least as much First Amendment protection as that afforded to traditional media such as books, newspapers, and magazines. Low conflict leads to high performance. Which of the following correctly outlines a limitation to Broadbent's single filter model? They noted that misinformation and bad actors have always existed but have eventually been marginalized by smart people and processes. I will help you in this solution. People on systems like Facebook are increasingly forming into echo chambers of those who think alike. For the environment to improve, we need substantial improvements in education systems across the world in relation to critical thinking, social literacy, information literacy, and cyberliteracy (see Laura Guraks book Cyberliteracy)., Su Sonia Herring, an editor and translator, commented, Misinformation and fake news will exist as long as humans do; they have existed ever since language was invented. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. There are always potential compromises when our communication networks are based on human-coded technology and hardware; this [is] less the case with analog-first, digital-second systems., A professor of media and communication based in Europe said, Right now, reliable and trusted verification systems are not yet available; they may become technically available in the future but the arms race between corporations and hackers is never ending. C) Stroop Task A) Information with a low degree of saliency is ignored and doesn't go on for further processing. A) 50 objects including green triangles and red squares This makes many vulnerable to accepting and acting on misinformation. A) It assumes attended information is enhanced, while unattended information is not. The reader and the producer of content, both have responsibilities., Deirdre Williams, retired internet activist, replied, Human beings are losing their capability to question and to refuse. For instance, after fake news stories in June 2017 reported Ethereums founder Vitalik Buterin had died in a car crash its market value was reported to have dropped by $4 billion. A leading researcher studying the spread of misinformation observed, I know systems like blockchain are a start, but in some ways analog systems (e.g., scanned voting ballots) can be more resilient to outside influence than digital solutions such as increased encryption. FCC Report and Order 11-125, August 21, 2011 (report and regulations implementing CIPA), CIPA: A Brief FAQ on Public Library Compliance (2012) ), Deloitte Risk Services, Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, 2008 (Prepared for the European Union's Safer Internet plus Programme), Internet Filters: A Public Policy Report (2006) A lot of fake news is created by a few people, and removing their incentive could stop much of the news postings., Andrea Matwyshyn, a professor of law at Northeastern University who researches innovation and law, particularly information security, observed, Software liability law will finally begin to evolve. kindly thumbs up for the solution. Medium conflict leads to high performance. In the longer term, Im optimistic that the second force will dominate as transaction cost-reduction appears to be relatively in favor of crowds versus concentrated institutions., A past chairman of a major U.S. scientific think tank and former CEO replied, [The information environment] should improve because there are many techniques that can be brought to bear both human-mediated such as collective intelligence via user voting and rating and technological responses that are either very early in their evolution or not or not deployed at all. I dont think they will put much effort into eliminating it. The information that will be disseminated will be biased, based on monetary interests., Seth Finkelstein, consulting programmer and winner of the Electronic Freedom Foundations Pioneer Award, commented, Virtually all the structural incentives to spread misinformation seem to be getting worse., A data scientist based in Europe wrote, The information environment is built on the top of telecommunication infrastructures and services developed following the free-market ideology, where truth or fact are only useful as long as they can be commodified as market products., Zbigniew ukasiak, a business leader based in Europe, wrote, Big political players have just learned how to play this game. You call her name and ask for instructions on the next step but she seems not to hear you. This data is represented by the user vector. Anthony overslept and has three voicemails on his phone from his boss telling him to come into work immediately, for an emergency planning meeting. "The negative effects of content filters on Internet access in public libraries and schools are demonstrable and documented. We apply that same logic to experts and sources quoted in stories. A longtime technology editor and columnist based in Europe, commented, The blockchain approach used for Bitcoin, etc., could be used to distribute content. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Trust in Media, In late 2016, Oxford Dictionaries selected post-truth as the word of the year, defining it as relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.. Which model of attention is best supported by research findings and why? In other words, if theres a will, theres way.. O Sorting can be applied to rows but not columns. and Jill are experiencing what communication barrier. I dont think they will put much effort into eliminating it., A vice president for public policy at one of the worlds foremost entertainment and media companies commented, The small number of dominant online platforms do not have the skills or ethical center in place to build responsible systems, technical or procedural. Low conflict leads to high performance. The public isnt motivated to seek out verified, vetted information. for Library Service to Children (ALSC), Assn. By Andrew K. Przybylski and Victoria Nash published in the Journal of Pediatrics"Contrary to our hypotheses, policy, and industry advice regarding the assumed benefits of filtering we found convincing evidence that Internet filters were not effective at shielding early adolescents from aversive online experiences. They are happy hearing what confirms their views. Edited by Martin Garnarand Trina Magi with ALA Office for Intellectual Freedom We will learn and develop strategies to deal with problems like fake news., There is a long record of innovation taking place to solve problems. Jamais Cascio, distinguished fellow at the Institute for the Future, noted, The power and diversity of very low-cost technologies allowing unsophisticated users to create believable alternative facts is increasing rapidly. They expect well-meaning actors will work together to find ways to enhance the information environment. B) Contextual features associated with particular stimuli or experiences help us predict outcomes when we encounter such cues in the future. Alejandro Pisanty, a professor at UNAM, the National University of Mexico, and longtime internet policy leader, observed, Overall, at least a part of society will value trusted information and find ways to keep a set of curated, quality information resources. C) A blue P. C) Single filter model Even among highly intelligent people, there is a significant growth in personal specialization in order to trim the boundaries of expected expertise to manageable levels. Like email spam, this problem can never entirely be eliminated, but it can be managed., Sandro Hawke, technical staff at the World Wide Web Consortium, predicted, Things are going to get worse before they get better, but humans have the basic tools to solve this problem, so chances are good that we will. Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to manage the listener's reactions . the situation: OMG, I h8 my prof. The public can grasp the destructive power of nuclear weapons in a way they will never understand the utterly corrosive power of the internet to civilized society, when there is no reliable mechanism for sorting out what people can believe to be true or false., Bob Frankston, internet pioneer and software innovator, said, I always thought that Mein Kampf could be countered with enough information. It is impossible to make the information environment a rational, disinterested space; it will always be susceptible to pressure., A respondent affiliated with Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society wrote, The democratization of publication and consumption that the networked sphere represents is too expansive for there to be any meaningful improvement possible in terms of controlling or labeling information.
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